Water Boreholes – What You Need to Know

A water borehole is a narrow shaft drilled deep into the ground to access water. It is also known as a Private Water Supply (PWS).

They are often used in areas without access to mains water, mainly in remote or rural locations.

Understanding Private Water Supplies

A private water supply is not provided by the local water company. About 1% of people in England and Wales rely on these systems.

There are other sources besides boreholes, private supplies may include wells, springs, streams, rivers, or lakes, and can feature storage tanks or systems that serve one property or several buildings.

In rare cases, you might get mains water from your water company without receiving a bill. This is called a Private Distribution System.

What are the Benefits of a Water Borehole?

Boreholes can offer a continuous, cost-effective water supply compared to mains water, especially in rural areas. The earth acts as a natural filter, which can lead to high-quality water with higher pressure compared to mains supply.

Things to Be Aware Of

Even naturally filtered water may contain minerals like iron or manganese that might need additional filtration. Bacterial contamination is also possible if proper maintenance is not carried out.

Water needs to be tested regularly to ensure it meets drinking standards and depending on the water quality, you might need UV, iron, or other filters. Borehole pumps need regular servicing and will eventually require replacement, which can be a significant expense.

If the borehole or its associated pipes run through adjoining land, legal agreements (easements) are needed for maintenance. It is important to understand who owns the rights to the water, particularly if it is shared among properties.

Key Questions to Consider When Buying a Property with a Borehole

Before deciding to move forward with a property that has a borehole water supply, consider asking the following:

• Has the local authority carried out a risk assessment, and if so, when?
• Did the authority advise that improvement works were needed?
• What were the results of any previous water sampling?
• Were any water quality issues highlighted?
• Are there filters or UV disinfection units installed?
• Was the equipment installed by a competent installer, and is the treatment appropriate?
• Is the system compliant with Regulation 5 of the PWS regulations?
• Is the UV system WRAS-approved for use on drinking water supplies?
• Does the current owner have maintenance logs or records?
• Are spare parts available and compliant, including for the treatment system?
• Have there been issues with taste, odour, discolouration, or water supply insufficiency?
• Are there clear instructions, including contact numbers, for addressing any supply problems?
• Is there a schematic of the supply that shows the layout of pipes, tanks, and inspection chambers?
• Are there plans for the treatment system detailing each component, such as filters or disinfection units?

Final Thoughts

Boreholes can offer a reliable and cost-effective water supply, but they require careful ongoing maintenance and a clear understanding of legal responsibilities. If you are considering purchasing a property with a borehole, or already own one, making sure that you have the right systems and documentation in place.

How Pinney Talfourd can help

If you need further guidance or have any questions about a property’s water supply, our Residential Property team are here to assist.